Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний. 1. | So many benefits! 2. | Attracting tourists 3. | What coral reefs like 4. | Productive interaction | | 5. | Dangers they face 6. | The well-known reef 7. | What are coral reefs? 8. | Protecting coral reefs A. | Coral reefs are large underwater structures. Hard corals are the types of coral that make up reefs. They get calcium carbonate from saltwater to construct an exoskeleton. Soft corals are different species of coral that do not contribute to the formation of reefs. These flexible corals, including species like sea whips and fans, often look like trees and plants. The coral reef gradually grows larger over time, getting one little exoskeleton at each stage until they are substantial aquatic ecosystem parts. B. | It is interesting to know that coral reefs only cover a small percentage of the ocean floor, but they generate a large amount of oxygen. In fact, the earth’s atmosphere gets half of its oxygen from coral reefs. They are necessary for both human survival and the survival of aquatic life. Corals are not in charge of creating oxygen. However, they supply a habitat for special algae, which creates oxygen and distributes it into the atmosphere. So, their symbiotic relationship produces great results for the planet. C. | Coral reefs provide an available playground. They protect coastlines from erosion and storms, and support local economies. They are also a source of food and medicines. Over 500 million people rely on reefs for food, safety, and money. Fishing, snorkeling, and diving on and around reefs generate a lot of money for nearby businesses. Native people worldwide place a great deal of cultural value on these ecosystems. Whatever the case, there is no denying the importance of corals for the planet. D. | Barrier reefs run parallel to a shoreline distinguished by a large lagoon or other body of water. The word “barrier” is used here to describe how these reefs, which reach the water’s surface at their shallowest point, act as a barrier separating the ocean and the coast. The most famous barrier reef is the Great Barrier Reef in Australia. It is also the world’s largest barrier reef. The Great Barrier Reef is predicted to be about 20 million years old, but it has managed to maintain its charm over the years. E. | Coral reefs need sunlight to grow, that is why they hardly ever grow in deep waters. They also are more likely to be found in tropical oceans, as the water is clearer and warmer there. Coral reefs also grow where there are stronger wave patterns and currents. The stronger currents and waves deliver more food for the ecosystem that creates the reef structure. Oddly enough, reefs usually grow on the eastern shore of land masses. The temperature there is thought to be warmer than on the western side. F. | The oceans absorb much of the warmth and energy from the earth’s atmosphere. The ocean temperature rises as a result of this heat absorption. Thus, coral reefs have trouble growing when the temperature rises. Sadly, certain regions of the world now experience high temperatures due to global warming. Another threat to coral reefs is ocean pollution brought on by human activities and development. Microplastics are among the main pollutants, and when consumed by corals, they lead to diseases in coral reefs. G. | Everyone should understand the importance of coral reefs in maintaining the proper oxygen level in the atmosphere. Both our survival and the survival of aquatic organisms depend on these reefs. The decline of coral reefs may finally result in the extinction of humans as well. People lose the source of oxygen more quickly as coral reefs are destroyed. By lowering the toxic gases causing global warming, people can do their part to conserve coral reefs. One should not pollute the environment around the water supply.

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. | [рис.] | 1. | You can save some money by going to the theatre. 2. | One can never relax at the theatre. 3. | Theatre shows us that there are bigger things in life. 4. | A visit to the theatre can help us develop as human beings. 5. | Theatre provides us with a connection to the absolute classics. 6. | Going to the theatre allows us to be emotional. 7. | Theatre gives us a chance to get to know ourselves better.

Установите соответствие между текстами A $-$ G и заголовками 1 $-$ 8. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний. 1. | Always in a hurry 2. | The city of skyscrapers 3. | Winning and losing 4. | Unknown side of the city | | 5. | Saving the variety 6. | Getting around the city 7. | For the holiday and more 8. | Nickname for a building A. | New York is really the melting pot of the world. Over 30 percent of its residents have come from abroad. It is believed that the city has the greatest linguistic diversity on the planet. There are over 800 different languages divided among its people. As some of these languages are nearly extinct, the City University of New York has begun a project called the Endangered Language Alliance. Its aim is to preserve rare languages like Bukhari, Vhlaski, and Ormuri. B. | New Yorkers love to think they know everything about their city: where to find the best fruit, how to avoid paying full price at museums, what route to take to avoid traffic. But New York City can reveal new treasures even to its veterans. Beyond the city where New-Yorkers work, eat, play and commute every day lies a hidden New York: mysterious, forgotten, abandoned or just overlooked. There are places about which you’re not likely to read in any guidebook. C. | The Chrysler Building was in a race with the Bank of Manhattan for getting the title of the tallest skyscraper in the world. The Bank was likely to triumph, with its height of 282 meters. But the spire of the Chrysler Building was constructed in secret inside the tower. Just one week after the Bank of Manhattan was finished, it was put in place, making it 318 meters tall and beating the Bank. It wouldn’t keep this title for long: one year later the Empire State Building was erected. D. | The Flatiron Building was constructed between 1901 and 1903 at the intersection of Broadway and Fifth Avenue. It was designed by Chicago’s Daniel Burnham as a steel-frame skyscraper covered with white terra-cotta. Built as the headquarters of the Fuller Construction company, the skyscraper was meant to be named Fuller Building. But locals soon started calling it “Flatiron” because of its unusual shape. The name stuck and soon became official. E. | How does Rockefeller Center manage to find the perfect fur-tree each Christmas season? They do aerial searches by helicopter, of course, and bring it to the city during the night when there isn’t much traffic on the streets. After the tree is taken down for the year, it continues to be useful. For example, in 2005 Habitat for Humanity used the wood to make doorframes for houses for the poor and in 2012 the paper was used to publish a book. F. | In New York life never stands still. People have to call cabs, ride subway cars, do business of all kinds, eat pizzas and sandwiches for lunch. When you multiply that by more than eight million people in less than 500 square miles, you get the idea: everyone goes everywhere as fast as it is humanly possible. Whatever you do, don't stop in the middle of the sidewalk or you’ll make everyone around you incredibly angry. G. | New York is extremely easy to navigate. Manhattan is divided into numbered streets from north to south and avenues from east to west. It’s almost impossible to get lost there. Buses are useful to travel around Manhattan, and the subway is the best means of transport to the other parts of the city. At some stage you’ll definitely use a yellow taxi. Try to get one on an avenue that’s going in the same direction you are $-$ you’ll save time and money. And don’t forget to leave a tip for the driver.

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. | [рис.] | 1. | Window shopping can lead to impulsive buying. 2. | Window shopping has some pros and cons. 3. | Window shopping is a way to keep up with fashion. 4. | The internet has made window shopping easier. 5. | Window shopping is a way of having some rest. 6. | Window shopping doesn’t make you spend money. 7. | Window shopping helps you explore the mall.

Task 2. Study the advertisement. You are considering going on the family weekend and now you’d like to get more information. In 1.5 minutes you are to ask four direct questions to find out about the following: Family weekend on the lake! [рис.] 1) location; 2) accommodation; 3) price for the weekend for a family of three; 4) fishing equipment rental. You have 20 seconds to ask each question.

Task 1. Imagine that you are preparing a project with your friend. You have found some interesting material for the presentation and you want to read this text to your friend. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, then be ready to read it out aloud. You will not have more than 1.5 minutes to read it. [рис.]