EGE · 5 234 заданий
Английский язык
Задания Английский язык с решениями, ответами и разбором типичных ошибок. Решай онлайн и проверяй себя.
Темы
- Аудирование с полным и точным пониманием всей информации, данной в тексте – умения понимать на слух аутентичные тексты, содержащие отдельные неизученные языковые явления, с использованием языковой и контекстуальной догадки; понимать взаимосвязь между фактами, причинами, событиями; устанавливать последовательность фактов и событий; определять отношение говорящего к предмету обсуждения; догадываться из контекста о значении незнакомых слов (время звучания текста/текстов для аудирования – до 3,5 мин.)
- Аудирование с пониманием нужной/интересующей/запрашиваемой информации – умение понимать на слух аутентичные тексты, содержащие отдельные неизученные языковые явления, с использованием языковой и контекстуальной догадки и выделять данную информацию, представленную в эксплицитной (явной) и имплицитной (неявной) форме, в воспринимаемом на слух тексте (время звучания текста/текстов для аудирования – до 3,5 мин.)
- Аудирование с пониманием основного содержания текста – умения понимать на слух аутентичные тексты, содержащие отдельные неизученные языковые явления, с использованием языковой и контекстуальной догадки; определять основную тему/идею и главные факты/события в воспринимаемом на слух тексте, отделять главную информацию от второстепенной; прогнозировать содержание текста по началу сообщения; игнорировать незнакомые слова, несущественные для понимания основного содержания (время звучания текста/текстов для аудирования – до 3,5 мин.)
- Глаголы (правильные и неправильные) в видовременных формах действительного залога в изъявительном наклонении (Present/Past/Future Simple Tense, Present/Past/Future Continuous Tense, Present/Past Perfect Tense, Present Perfect Continuous Tense, Future-in-the-Past Tense) и наиболее употребительных формах страдательного залога (Present/Past Simple Passive, Present Perfect Passive)
- Говорение
- Диалог-расспрос: сообщать фактическую информацию, отвечая на вопросы разных видов; выражать своё отношение к обсуждаемым фактам и событиям; запрашивать интересующую информацию; переходить с позиции спрашивающего на позицию отвечающего и наоборот; брать/давать интервью в стандартных ситуациях неофициального и официального общения в рамках тематического содержания речи с опорой на речевые ситуации, иллюстрации, фотографии, таблицы, диаграммы, схемы и без опоры, с соблюдением норм речевого этикета, принятых в стране/странах изучаемого языка (объём диалога – до 10 реплик со стороны каждого собеседника)
- Задания для подготовки
- Задания на основе экзаменов прошлых лет
- Имена прилагательные и наречия в положительной, сравнительной и превосходной степенях, образованных по правилу и исключения
- Имена существительные во множественном числе, образованных по правилу и исключения
- Количественные и порядковые числительные
- Комбинированный диалог, включающий разные виды диалогов в стандартных ситуациях неофициального и официального общения в рамках тематического содержания речи с опорой на речевые ситуации, иллюстрации, фотографии, таблицы, диаграммы, схемы и без опоры, с соблюдением норм речевого этикета, принятых в стране/странах изучаемого языка (объём диалога – до 10 реплик со стороны каждого собеседника)
- Коммуникативные умения
- Конструкции с глаголами на -ing: to love/hate doing smth
- Личные местоимения в именительном и объектном падежах, притяжательные местоимения (в том числе в абсолютной форме), возвратные, указательные, вопросительные местоимения; неопределённые местоимения и их производные; отрицательные местоимения none, no и производные последнего (nobody, nothing, etc.)
- Многозначные лексические единицы. Синонимы. Антонимы
- Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты (can/be able to, could, must/have to, may, might, should, shall, would, will, need)
- Написание электронного сообщения личного характера в соответствии с нормами речевого этикета, принятыми в стране/странах изучаемого языка, объём сообщения – до 140 слов
- Неличные формы глагола – инфинитив, герундий, причастие (Participle I и Participle II), причастия в функции определения (Participle I – a playing child, Participle II – a written text)
- Образование глаголов при помощи префиксов dis-, mis-, re-, over-, under-и суффиксов -ise/-ize, -en
- Образование имён прилагательных при помощи префиксов un-, in-/im-, il-/ir-, inter-, non-, post-, pre- и суффиксов -able/-ible, -al, -ed, -ese, -ful, -ian/-an, -ical,-ing, -ish, -ive, -less, -ly, -ous, -y
- Образование имён существительных при помощи префиксов un-, in-/im-, il-/ir- и суффиксов -ance/-ence, -er/-or, -ing, -ist, -ity, -ment, -ness, -sion/-tion, -ship
- Образование наречий при помощи префиксов un-, in-/im-, il-/ir- и суффикса -ly
- Основные способы словообразования – аффиксация
- Создание письменного высказывания с элементами рассуждения на основе таблицы, графика, диаграммы и письменного высказывания типа «Моё мнение», «За и против» (объём письменного высказывания – до 250 слов)
- Создание устного связного монологического высказывания с использованием одного из основных коммуникативных типов речи – рассуждения (с изложением своего мнения и краткой аргументацией) в рамках тематического содержания речи с опорой на ключевые слова, план и/или иллюстрации, фотографии, таблицы, диаграммы, схемы, инфографику и без опоры (объём монологического высказывания – до 18 фраз)
- Условные предложения с глаголами в изъявительном наклонении (Conditional 0, Conditional I) и с глаголами в сослагательном наклонении (Conditional II)
- Фонетическая сторона речи
- Чтение с полным пониманием – умения читать про себя аутентичные тексты разных жанров и стилей, содержащие отдельные неизученные языковые явления, и полно и точно понимать текст на основе его информационной переработки (смыслового и структурного анализа отдельных частей текста, выборочного перевода) с использованием языковой и контекстуальной догадки; устанавливать причинно-следственную взаимосвязь изложенных в тексте фактов и событий (объём текста/текстов для чтения – до 900 слов)
- Чтение с пониманием нужной/интересующей/запрашиваемой информации – умения читать про себя и понимать с использованием языковой и контекстуальной догадки аутентичные тексты разных жанров и стилей, содержащие отдельные неизученные языковые явления; находить в прочитанном тексте и понимать данную информацию, представленную в эксплицитной (явной) и имплицитной (неявной) форме; оценивать найденную информацию с точки зрения её значимости для решения коммуникативной задачи (объём текста/текстов для чтения – до 900 слов)
- Чтение с пониманием основного содержания текста – умения читать про себя и понимать с использованием языковой и контекстуальной догадки аутентичные тексты разных жанров и стилей, содержащие отдельные неизученные языковые явления; определять тему/основную мысль, выделять главные факты/события (опуская второстепенные); прогнозировать содержание текста по заголовку/началу текста, определять логическую последовательность главных фактов, событий; игнорировать незнакомые слова, несущественные для понимания основного содержания (объём текста/текстов для чтения – до 900 слов)
Задания
без регистрации- ЗаданиеСложность 2
Imagine that you and your friend are doing a school project "Preparing for exams". You have found some photos to illustrate it but for technical reasons you cannot send them now. Leave a voice message to your friend explaining your choice of the photos and sharing some ideas about the project. In 2.5 minutes be ready to: — explain the choice of the illustrations for the project by briefly describing them and noting the differences; — mention the advantages (1−2) of the two ways of preparing for exams; — mention the disadvantages (1−2) of the two ways of preparing for exams; — express your opinion on the subject of the project — say which way of preparing for exams presented in the pictures you prefer and why. You will speak for not more than 3 minutes (12−15 sentences). You have to talk continuously. [рис.] 1 [рис.] 2
- ЗаданиеСложность 2
Imagine that you and your friend are doing a school project “Ideal weekend”. You have found some photos to illustrate it but for technical reasons you cannot send them now. Leave a voice message to your friend explaining your choice of the photos and sharing some ideas about the project. In 2.5 minutes be ready to: — explain the choice of the illustrations for the project by briefly describing them and noting the differences; — mention the advantages (1–2) of the two ways to spend the weekend; — mention the disadvantages (1–2) of the two ways to spend the weekend; — express your opinion on the subject of the project — say which way of spending the weekend presented in the pictures you prefer and why. You will speak for not more than 3 minutes (12–15 sentences). You have to talk continuously. [рис.] Photo 1 [рис.] Photo 2
- ЗаданиеСложность 2
Imagine that you and your friend are doing a school project “Photography”. You have found some photos to illustrate it but for technical reasons you cannot send them now. Leave a voice message to your friend explaining your choice of the photos and sharing some ideas about the project. In 2.5 minutes be ready to: — explain the choice of the illustrations for the project by briefly describing them and noting the differences; — mention the advantages (1−2) of these two types of photography; — mention the disadvantages (1−2) of these two types of photography; — express your opinion on the subject of the project — which type of photography you would choose if you needed a good photograph of yourself. You will speak for not more than 3 minutes (12−15 sentences). You have to talk continuously. [рис.] Photo 1 [рис.] Photo 2
- ЗаданиеСложность 2
Imagine that you and your friend are doing a school project “Using the Internet”. You have found some photos to illustrate it but for technical reasons you cannot send them now. Leave a voice message to your friend explaining your choice of the photos and sharing some ideas about the project. In 2.5 minutes be ready to: — explain the choice of the illustrations for the project by briefly describing them and noting the differences; — mention the advantages (1–2) of the two gadgets used to connect to the Internet; — mention the disadvantages (1–2) of the two gadgets used to connect to the Internet; — express your opinion on the subject of the project — which of these gadgets to use the Internet you prefer and why. You will speak for not more than 3 minutes (12–15 sentences). You have to talk continuously. [рис.] Photo 1 [рис.] Photo 2
- ЗаданиеСложность 2
Imagine that you and your friend are doing a school project “Weekend Activities”. You have found some photos to illustrate it but for technical reasons you cannot send them now. Leave a voice message to your friend explaining your choice of the photos and sharing some ideas about the project. In 2.5 minutes be ready to: — explain the choice of the illustrations for the project by briefly describing them and noting the differences; — mention the advantages (1–2) of these two types of weekend activities; — mention the disadvantages (1–2) of these two types of weekend activities; — express your opinion on the subject of the project — which type of weekend activities you prefer and why. You will speak for not more than 3 minutes (12–15 sentences). You have to talk continuously. [рис.] Photo 1 [рис.] Photo 2
- ЗаданиеСложность 2
Imagine that you and your friend are doing a school project "Volunteering". You have found some photos to illustrate it but for technical reasons you cannot send them now. Leave a voice message to your friend explaining your choice of the photos and sharing some ideas about the project. In 2.5 minutes be ready to: — explain the choice of the illustrations for the project by briefly describing them and noting the differences; — mention the advantages (1–2) of the two types of volunteering; — mention the disadvantages (1–2) of the two types of volunteering — express your opinion on the subject of the project — which type of volunteering presented in the pictures you’d prefer and why. You will speak for not more than 3 minutes (12–15 sentences). You have to talk continuously. [рис.] Photo 1 [рис.] Photo 2
- ЗаданиеСложность 2
Imagine that you and your friend are doing a school project "Jobs". You have found some photos to illustrate it but for technical reasons you cannot send them now. Leave a voice message to your friend explaining your choice of the photos and sharing some ideas about the project. In 2.5 minutes be ready to: — explain the choice of the illustrations for the project by briefly describing them and noting the differences; — mention the advantages (1–2) of the two kinds of jobs; — mention the disadvantages (1–2) of the two kinds of jobs; — express your opinion on the subject of the project — which of these jobs you’d prefer and why. You will speak for not more than 3 minutes (12–15 sentences). You have to talk continuously. [рис.] Photo 1 [рис.] Photo 2
- ЗаданиеСложность 2
Imagine that you and your friend are doing a school project "Going to the Museum". You have found some photos to illustrate it but for technical reasons you cannot send them now. Leave a voice message to your friend explaining your choice of the photos and sharing some ideas about the project. In 2.5 minutes be ready to: — explain the choice of the illustrations for the project by briefly describing them and noting the differences; — mention the advantages (1–2) of these two ways of visiting museums; — mention the disadvantages (1–2) of these two ways of visiting museums; — express your opinion on the subject of the project — which way of visiting museums you prefer and why. You will speak for not more than 3 minutes (12–15 sentences). You have to talk continuously. [рис.] Photo 1 [рис.] Photo 2
- ЗаданиеСложность 2
Imagine that you and your friend are doing a school project "Classical Music for Everyone". You have found some photos to illustrate it but for technical reasons you cannot send them now. Leave a voice message to your friend explaining your choice of the photos and sharing some ideas about the project. In 2.5 minutes be ready to: — explain the choice of the illustrations for the project by briefly describing them and noting the differences; — mention the advantages (1–2) of listening to these two types of classical music performances; — mention the disadvantages (1–2) of listening to these two types of classical music performances; — express your opinion on the subject of the project — which type of classical music performance you'd prefer to listen to and why. You will speak for not more than 3 minutes (12–15 sentences). You have to talk continuously. [рис.] Photo 1 [рис.] Photo 2
- ЗаданиеСложность 2
Imagine that you and your friend are doing a school project "Comedy or Horror?". You have found some photos to illustrate it but for technical reasons you cannot send them now. Leave a voice message to your friend explaining your choice of the photos and sharing some ideas about the project. In 2.5 minutes be ready to: — explain the choice of the illustrations for the project by briefly describing them and noting the differences; — mention the advantages (1–2) of watching these two types of films; — mention the disadvantages (1–2) of watching these two types of films; — express your opinion on the subject of the project — which type of film you'd prefer to watch and why. You will speak for not more than 3 minutes (12–15 sentences). You have to talk continuously. [рис.] Photo 1 [рис.] Photo 2
- ЗаданиеСложность 2
Imagine that you and your friend are doing a school project "Sports activities". You have found some photos to illustrate it but for technical reasons you cannot send them now. Leave a voice message to your friend explaining your choice of the photos and sharing some ideas about the project. In 2.5 minutes be ready to: — explain the choice of the illustrations for the project by briefly describing them and noting the differences; — mention the advantages (1–2) of the two sports activities; — mention the disadvantages (1–2) of the two sports activities; — express your opinion on the subject of the project — which of the sports activities presented in the pictures you'd prefer and why. You will speak for not more than 3 minutes (12–15 sentences). You have to talk continuously. [рис.] Photo 1 [рис.] Photo 2
- ЗаданиеСложность 2
Imagine that you and your friend are doing a school project "Household chores". You have found some illustrations and want to share the news. Leave a voice message to your friend. In 2.5 minutes be ready to: — explain the choice of the illustrations for the project by briefly describing them and noting the differences; — mention the advantages (1–2) of the two types of household chores; — mention the disadvantages (1–2) of the two types of household chores; — express your opinion on the subject of the project — which household chores you prefer and why? You will speak for not more than 3 minutes (12–15 sentences). You have to talk continuously. [рис.] Photo 1 [рис.] Рhoto 2
- ЗаданиеСложность 2
Imagine that you and your friend are doing a school project "Ideal place of living". You have found some illustrations and want to share the news. Leave a voice message to your friend. In 2.5 minutes be ready to: — explain the choice of the illustrations for the project by briefly describing them and noting the differences; — mention the advantages (1–2) of the two places of living; — mention the disadvantages (1–2) of the two places of living; — express your opinion on the subject of the project — which place of living you’d prefer and why? You will speak for not more than 3 minutes (12–15 sentences). You have to talk continuously. [рис.] Photo 1 [рис.] Рhoto 2
- ЗаданиеСложность 2
Imagine that you and your friend are doing a school project "Helping the environment". You have found some illustrations and want to share the news. Leave a voice message to your friend. In 2.5 minutes be ready to: — explain the choice of the illustrations for the project by briefly describing them and noting the differences; — mention the advantages (1–2) of the two ways of helping the environment; — mention the disadvantages (1–2) of the two ways of helping the environment; — express your opinion on the subject of the project — which way of helping the environment you prefer and why? You will speak for not more than 3 minutes (12–15 sentences). You have to talk continuously. [рис.] Photo 1 [рис.] Рhoto 2
- ЗаданиеСложность 2
Imagine that you and your friend are doing a school project "Mealtime". You have found some illustrations and want to share the news. Leave a voice message to your friend. In 2.5 minutes be ready to: — explain the choice of the illustrations for the project by briefly describing them and noting the differences; — mention the advantages (1–2) of the two ways of having meals; — mention the disadvantages (1–2) of the two ways of having meals; — express your opinion on the subject of the project — which way of having meals you prefer and why? You will speak for not more than 3 minutes (12–15 sentences). You have to talk continuously. [рис.] Photo 1 [рис.] Рhoto 2
- ЗаданиеСложность 2
Imagine that you and your friend are doing a school project "Keeping young". You have found some illustrations and want to share the news. Leave a voice message to your friend. In 2.5 minutes be ready to: — explain the choice of the illustrations for the project by briefly describing them and noting the differences; — mention the advantages (1–2) of the two ways of keeping young for the elderly people; — mention the disadvantages (1–2) of the two ways of keeping young for the elderly people; — express your opinion on the subject of the project — which way of keeping young you’d prefer and why? You will speak for not more than 3 minutes (12–15 sentences). You have to talk continuously. [рис.] Photo 1 [рис.] Рhoto 2
- ЗаданиеСложность 2
Imagine that you and your friend are doing a school project "The best way to travel". You have found some illustrations and want to share the news. Leave a voice message to your friend. In 2.5 minutes be ready to: — explain the choice of the illustrations for the project by briefly describing them and noting the differences; — mention the advantages (1–2) of the two types of travelling; — mention the disadvantages (1–2) of the two types of travelling; — express your opinion on the subject of the project — which way of travelling you’d prefer and why? You will speak for not more than 3 minutes (12–15 sentences). You have to talk continuously. [рис.] Photo 1 [рис.] Рhoto 2
- ЗаданиеСложность 2
Imagine that you and your friend are doing a school project "A club to join". You have found some illustrations and want to share the news. Leave a voice message to your friend. In 2.5 minutes be ready to: — explain the choice of the illustrations for the project by briefly describing them and noting the differences; — mention the advantages (1–2) of the two types of clubs; — mention the disadvantages (1–2) of the two types of clubs; — express your opinion on the subject of the project — which type of clubs you’d prefer to join and why? You will speak for not more than 3 minutes (12–15 sentences). You have to talk continuously. [рис.] Photo 1 [рис.] Рhoto 2
- ЗаданиеСложность 2
Imagine that you and your friend are doing a school project "A family pet". You have found some illustrations and want to share the news. Leave a voice message to your friend. In 2.5 minutes be ready to: — explain the choice of the illustrations for the project by briefly describing them and noting the differences; — mention the advantages (1–2) of the two types of pets; — mention the disadvantages (1–2) of the two types of pets; — express your opinion on the subject of the project — which type of pets you preferred to have when you were a child and why? You will speak for not more than 3 minutes (12–15 sentences). You have to talk continuously. [рис.] Photo 1 [рис.] Рhoto 2
- ЗаданиеСложность 2
Imagine that you and your friend are doing a school project "Transport in a City". You have found some illustrations and want to share the news. Leave a voice message to your friend. In 2.5 minutes be ready to: — explain the choice of the illustrations for the project by briefly describing them and noting the differences; — mention the advantages (1–2) of getting around the city by bike and by metro; — mention the disadvantages (1–2) of getting around the city by bike and by metro; — express your opinion on the subject of the project — which way of transportation you prefer and why. You will speak for not more than 3 minutes (12–15 sentences). You have to talk continuously. [рис.]
- ЗаданиеСложность 2
Imagine that you and your friend are doing a school project "Time to Choose a Career" together with your friend. You have found some illustrations and want to share the news. Leave a voice message to your friend. In 2.5 minutes be ready to: — explain the choice of the illustrations for the project by briefly describing them and noting the differences; — mention the advantages (1–2) of choosing a career at a younger or older age; — mention the disadvantages (1–2) of choosing a career at a younger or older age; — express your opinion on the subject of the project — at what age you would prefer to choose your career and why. You will speak for not more than 3 minutes (12–15 sentences). You have to talk continuously. [рис.]
- ЗаданиеСложность 2
Imagine that you and your friend are doing a school project "Exercising". You have found some illustrations and want to share the news. Leave a voice message to your friend. In 2.5 minutes be ready to: — explain the choice of the illustrations for the project by briefly describing them and noting the differences; — mention the advantages (1–2) of the two types of exercising; — mention the disadvantages (1–2) of the two types of exercising; — express your opinion on the subject of the project — which type of exercising you prefer and why. You will speak for not more than 3 minutes (12–15 sentences). You have to talk continuously. [рис.]
- ЗаданиеСложность 2
Imagine that you and your friend are doing a school project "Healthy Habits". You have found some illustrations and want to share the news. Leave a voice message to your friend. In 2,5 minutes be ready to: — explain the choice of the illustrations for the project by briefly describing them and noting the differences; — mention the advantages (1–2) of the two types of these drinks; — mention the disadvantages (1–2) of the two types of these drinks; — express your opinion on the subject of the project — whether you think healthy habits should be developed from early childhood. You will speak for not more than 3 minutes (12–15 sentences). You have to talk continuously. [рис.]
- ЗаданиеСложность 2
Task 4. Imagine that you and your friend are doing a school project "Food". You have found some illustrations and want to share the news. Leave a voice message to your friend. In 2,5 minutes be ready to: — explain the choice of the illustrations for the project by briefly describing them and noting the differences; — mention the advantages (1–2) of the two kinds of food; — mention the disadvantages (1–2) of the two kinds of food; — express your opinion on the subject of the project — what kind of food you preferred when you were a child and why. You will speak for not more than 3 minutes (12–15 sentences). You have to talk continuously. [рис.]
- ЗаданиеСложность 2
Imagine that you and your friend are doing a school project "Shopping". You have found some illustrations and want to share the news. Leave a voice message to your friend. In 2.5 minutes be ready to: — explain the choice of the illustrations for the project by briefly describing them and noting the differences; — mention the advantages (1–2) of the two types of shopping; — mention the disadvantages (1–2) of the two types of shopping; — express your opinion on the subject of the project — which way of shopping you prefer and why. You will speak for not more than 3 minutes (12–15 sentences). You have to talk continuously. [рис.] Photo 1 [рис.] Photo 2
- ЗаданиеСложность 2
Task 4. Imagine that you and your friend are doing a school project "Desserts". You have found some illustrations and want to share the news. Leave a voice message to your friend. In 2,5 minutes be ready to: — explain the choice of the illustrations for the project by briefly describing them and noting the differences; — mention the advantages (1–2) of the two kinds of desserts; — mention the disadvantages (1–2) of the two kinds of desserts; — express your opinion on the subject of the project — what kind of dessert you’d prefer in summer and why. You will speak for not more than 3 minutes (12–15 sentences). You have to talk continuously. [рис.]
- ЗаданиеСложность 2
Task 4. Imagine that you and your friend are doing a school project "Watching films". You have found some illustrations and want to share the news. Leave a voice message to your friend. In 2,5 minutes be ready to: — explain the choice of the illustrations for the project by briefly describing them and noting the differences; — mention the advantages (1–2) of the two ways of watching films; — mention the disadvantages (1–2) of the two ways of watching films; — express your opinion on the subject of the project — what way of watching films you prefer and why. You will speak for not more than 3 minutes (12–15 sentences). You have to talk continuously. [рис.]
- ЗаданиеСложность 2
Task 4. Imagine that you and your friend are doing a school project "Keeping fit". You have found some illustrations and want to share the news. Leave a voice message to your friend. In 2,5 minutes be ready to: — explain the choice of the illustrations for the project by briefly describing them and noting the differences; — mention the advantages (1–2) of the two ways of keeping fit; — mention the disadvantages (1–2) of the two ways of keeping fit; — express your opinion on the subject of the project — what you would do to keep fit and why. You will speak for not more than 3 minutes (12–15 sentences). You have to talk continuously. [рис.]
- ЗаданиеСложность 2
Task 4. Imagine that you and your friend are doing a school project "Pastimes". You have found some illustrations and want to share the news. Leave a voice message to your friend. In 2,5 minutes be ready to: — explain the choice of the illustrations for the project by briefly describing them and noting the differences; — mention the advantages (1–2) of the two kinds of pastimes; — mention the disadvantages (1–2) of the two kinds of pastimes; — express your opinion on the subject of the project — what kind of pastime you’d prefer and why. You will speak for not more than 3 minutes (12–15 sentences). You have to talk continuously. [рис.]
- ЗаданиеСложность 2
Task 4. Imagine that you and your friend are doing a school project "Reading books". You have found some illustrations and want to share the news. Leave a voice message to your friend. In 2,5 minutes be ready to: — explain the choice of the illustrations for the project by briefly describing them and noting the differencest; — mention the advantages (1–2) of the two places for reading books; — mention the disadvantages (1–2) of the two places for reading books; — express your opinion on the subject of the project — where you'd like to read and why. You will speak for not more than 3 minutes (12–15 sentences). You have to talk continuously. [рис.]